Sir John Soane's Museum Drawings
Saxlingham Rectory is one of Soane's finest early works.  The budget was tight - Soane estimated the building costs at £2,500 (SM Ledger A p.32) kept low by the re-use of building materials from the demolished old Rectory and of local white brick.  The new Rectory has the repeated themes of Soane's architecture - 'the first is symmetry which, when combined with axis, created vistas through buildings and determined internal planning.  Coupled with symmetry was Soane's deeply felt conviction about light and shade' (from Ptolemy Dean's article, op.cit., p. 68).  

Soane made at least four alternative designs (drawings 1-8) before he reached a conclusion (drawings 10-14).  The finished design has an inevitability about it that comes when plan and elevations are completely resolved.  

The kitchen and stables wings were not built.  Shown in the earlier alternative designs (drawings 1-8, 11) they were probably too expensive nor were the last designs (drawings 20-21) made a year later in April 1785, executed.  Something like the kitchen added by Soane to drawing 12 was built, enlarged in the nineteenth century and replaced in 1975 by a new addition.  Of the chimney-pieces designed by Soane, that for the eating room has survived. 

Two alternative plans and elevations were published in Soane's Plans, elevations and sections of buildings erected in the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, 1788 (1789), plates 41-42. Plate 41 is close to drawing 11, the plan reversed as instructed on the drawing, so that, for example, the stair is on the right-hand side, the stables on the left instead of right. Plate 42 is close to drawings 4 and 5 (Design No.3) except that, for example, the office wings are omitted.  

There are references to Saxlingham Rectory in Soane's office Bill Book 1, Journals 1 and 3, Account Book 1781, Ledger A, Day Book 1792, Letter Book 1797-1801, Private Correspondence I.G.14 as well as in his Note Books.  MS indexes to the Note Books, Bill Books and Journals are currently only available for study at the Soane Museum.  There are plans to put these online. 

Literature: P. du Prey,  John Soane: the making of an architect, 1982, pp.288-90, 293-5; D. Stroud, Sir John Soane architect, 2nd ed., 1996, pp.124, 126,242; P. Dean, Sir John Soane and the country estate, 1999, p.169; P.Dean, 'Soane: the pragmatic architect', pp.68, 69, P.Dean, 'Early practice: country houses and the primitive', pp114, 116-7, 121 in M.Richardson and M.Stevens (eds), John Soane architect: master of space and light, 1999
Purpose:Four alternative preliminary designs, March-April 1784 (8)

 

Aspect:1 No 1The Elevation of the Entrance Front for the Revrd Mr J. Gooch (inscribed by Robert Baldwin fl.1762-c.1804) showing a three-bay of house of two storeys plus basement and attic, with single storey service wings.  The elevation has four giant pilasters and a Wyatt window either side of a pedimented porch supported by two fluted Doric columns

2 No 2 (Baldwin) and (added later by George Bailey, office assistant 1806-37, curator 1837-60)  Plan of the Principal Floor Design No 2 for The Revd John Gooch.  The four-part, square plan (37½ by 38 feet) has the kitchen offices attached to one side and stables on the other - both with semicircular courts; (verso) (pencil) incomplete section showing the profiles of Block[ing course], Corn[ice], Top of Cap[ital] and string course

3 No 2 (Baldwin) and (Bailey) Entrance Front of proposed House for The Revd J. Gooch  showing a five-bay house, 38 feet wide, with a pedimented three-bay frontispiece, pedimented porch with a pair of fluted Doric columns, the office wings each with a single window within a blind arch.

4 No 3 (Baldwin) and (Bailey) Plan of the Principal Floor design No 3 showing a four-part, rectangular plan with a semicircular porch and the offices as blocks on either side and without courts; (verso) rough (feint pencil) plan for kitchen offices with the house also indicated, this having a transverse, stretched elliptical centre with the apsidal ends projecting front and back - the first indication of the final plan form and see also verso of drawing 7

5 No 3 (Baldwin) and (Bailey) Design for the Entrance Front of proposed House for The Revd J. Gooch  showing an elevation for a three-bay, two-storeys and basement house, the salient end bays pedimented, and with a porch on a semicircular plan with four Doric columns; the offices arranged as single storey blocks on each side

6 No 4 (Baldwin) and (Bailey) Plan of the Principal Floor - Design No 4 for The Revd J. Gooche showing a rectangular form with a wide and shallow bow to the garden, balanced by a square-ended projection (the hall) on the entrance front, and with the offices on each side having the same segmental (one-third of a circle) plan with covered passage[s] linking them to the house.  Verso: (pencil) compass-drawn elevation for a ? fanlight

7 (Bailey) Plan of the Principal floor Design No 4 for The Revd J. Gooche.  Almost identical to drawing 6 but with the entrance to the kitchen court omitted and (feint pencil, left-hand side) alternative sketch plan for the offices and (feint pencil, right-hand side) room divisions sketched-in.  Verso (slight, pencil) plan with projecting bows back and front, more detailed than verso of drawing 4 (q.v.), elevations and perspective

8 Copies of three plans, that is, designs 'No 2' to 'N4' (drawings catalogued as 2,4 and 6) except that: the semicircular courts of drawing 2 are reduced, and the copy of drawing 4 (bottom plan) omits the porch and offices shown on the original plan.  Thus, for ease of comparison, three plans to the same scale (slightly reduced for top and middle plans) are shown in terms of design and importantly of cost: the expensive scheme A at the top, the medium cost scheme B with the possibility of adding the offices at a later stage indicated by dotted lines and, at the end, the minimal cost scheme without offices or porch.  Small (pen) sketch plan for house 

 

Hand:Drawings 1-8 have all been attributed to Robert Baldwin (fl. 1762-c.1804).  The inscription of drawing 1 and the numbering of subsequent drawings are in his hand as are the room labels.  Other drawings from Soane's early practice also attributed to Baldwin include drawings made for the dairy at Hammels Park, Blackfriars Bridge in Norwich and Letton Hall (q.q.q.v).  All made in 1783-4 when Soane (who was without office help until he acquired his first pupil in September 1784) relied on ad hoc assistance from Baldwin. The rendered drawings (elevations) made for Saxlingham were evidently done in a hurry, lacking Baldwin's usual finesse but with his favoured green washes.

 

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Purpose:Sketch designs (2)

 

Aspect:9 Two rough site/floor plans and side elevation for a three-storey house

10 Ground floor plan, front elevation and perspective of two-storey with basement and attic, three-bay house with bowed or bombé centre bays at back and front; and side elevation of a three-storey house corresponding with that of drawing 9

Hand:9-10 Soane
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Purpose:Designs close to the final design, from June 1784 (5)
Aspect:11 Ground plan indicating the location of the Church Yard, and (marked in red pen) the existing Rectory and its outbuildings.  The plan of the ground floor has a central bow to the north-west and another to the south-east with kitchen offices and semi-elliptical court on the right-hand side and stables and matching court on the opposite side.  The Brewhouse, Washouse & Laundry are located away from the house.  A North West View of the House & Offices and an elevation from the south-west correspond with the plan. The incomplete front elevation varies from the plan though an additional outline plan explains the difference namely that a narrow bay has been inserted between the house and its offices giving greater width and presence

12 Plan of The Principal Story, plans to a smaller scale of The Cellar Story and The Bedchamber Story and elevation of the North Front; a kitchen is shown on the left-hand side of the ground floor plan and elevation.  This addition, drawn freehand by Soane, illustrates the unresolved problem of the offices.  Excluding the offices, the design is close to that shown in drawing 11, the house plan reversed as requested in the same drawing

13 (Bailey) Elevation of the Entrance Front corresponding with the elevation of the 'North Front' in the previous drawing except that the first floor window in the bay does not have the relieving arch shown there

14 (Bailey) Elevation of the South Front essentially corresponding with the built design though without the decorations shown here on the windows mullions and the door frame and (verso) rough (pencil) unrelated part plan, rooms labelled Living Room (sic), (of stair) to garret and illegible

15 (Bailey) View of a design for the Parsonage House at Saxlingham, Norfolk corresponding with the north-west view shown in drawing 11 and the elevations of drawings 12 and 13 though without the service wings

Hand:(11) Soane (12) Robert Baldwin (fl.1762-c.1804)/ some inscriptions by Soane (13-14) Baldwin (15) unidentified pupil, the flashy black rendering of the windows can also be found on, for example, f. 2 of the same volume 59, dated 12 June 1792 when David Laing and Thomas Chawner were pupils)
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Purpose:Working drawing and copies of working drawings, from September 1784 (4)
Aspect:16  Plan of the Hall Floor for the Revrd John Gooch with (feint pencil) two-column porch added to the front bow and (very feint pencil) indication of service wing on left-hand side

17 Copy of Plan of the Basement Story for the Revd John Gooch and detail of window with inverted relieving arch

18 Copy of Plan of the Hall Floor and Plan of the Bed Chamber Floor for the Revd John Gooch

19 Elevation of One half of the Entrance front for the Revd J. Gooch with detail of cornice 

Hand:(16) Sanders/ Soane (the date) (17-19) John Sanders (pupil 1 September 1784-90)
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Purpose:Copies of designs for kitchen offices and stables, April 1785 (2)
Aspect:20 Plan and three elevations for The Offices at at Saxlingham with rough pencil additions  of boilers or ovens to the plan and windows to the front elevation, and extension of wall on the west side

21 Plan and four elevations for the Stables &c at Saxlingham and including a Washouse, Brewhouse / and Bakehouse and Laundry.The detached building unhappily marries laundering, baking and brewing with four stalls for horses but, in the event, was not built

Hand:20-21 John Sanders (pupil 1784-90)
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Purpose:Working drawings for the exterior, after March 1786- May 1787 (3) 
Aspect:22 Elevation and details of pedimented front door flanked by fluted (in the upper part) columns with Antique Ionic Capital

23 Detail of rectangular fanlight for front door

24 Part-wall plan, elevation and section of the ground floor garden front showing glazed door, window in the bow and Venetian Window

Hand:(22-24) John McDonnell (pupil 18 March 1786-1791) 
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Purpose:Working drawings for a bedroom chimney-piece and (verso) entrance door, February 1787
Aspect:25 Elevation of Chimney Piece for the Bed Chamber at Saxlingham and full size detail; (verso) elevation of Entrance Door of Saxlingham and detail of fanlight

 

Hand:John McDonnell (pupil 1786-91)
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Purpose:Working drawings for the eating room chimney-piece, April 1787 (3)
Aspect:26 Elevation of Chimney Piece for the Eating Room and full Size details of Moldings

27 Elevation of Chimney Piece for the Eating Room

28 Moldings full size

 

 

 

Hand:(26-28) John McDonnell (pupil 1786-91)
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Purpose:Working drawings for the chimney-piece in the library, April 1787 (2)
Aspect:29 Elevation of Chimney piece for the Library

30 Moldings full size for Chimney Piece for Library

Hand:(29) John McDonnell (1770-    , pupil 1786-91) with pencil additions by Soane  (30) John McDonnell  
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Purpose:Working drawings for the drawing-room, May 1787 (3)      
Aspect:31 Full size details for: Cornice for Principal Chambers / Revrd Archdeacon Gooch, plinth, Cornice for Hall at Saxlingham, thumbnail elevation of eating room wall with pilasters, full size detail of console, frieze, pilaster, egg and dart moulding labelled Eating Room / Rev: Arch: Gooch.  Verso: full size details of The Architrave to / the Windows, Door Entablature Cornice & Frieze of Stucco, Base of Surbase Moldings

32 Details of an elaborated Vitruvian scroll plaster frieze in the drawing-room and of fret moulding to a ? door

33 Copy of details for Moldings at large for the Bookcase / in Drawing Room using a roundel with dog rose motif and a festoon of bellflower and ribbon, with detail of Moldings on the front of Shelves

Hand:(31) Soane except for an inscription by John McDonnell (pupil 1786-91) (32-33) John McDonnell 
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